Fire engineering — Engineering considerations
Section 9 — Actions, combinations, and system robustness beyond single-member checks.
Actions in fire
Codes define mechanical actions and thermal actions for fire limit states; partial factors differ from ambient ULS/SLS combinations.
Robustness
Alternative load paths and tying help limit disproportionate collapse if a member or connection is lost in fire.
Progressive collapse
Where required, engineers assess whether local failure can propagate; fire is one scenario among others (impact, blast, etc.).
Diagram sources
This page has no diagram assets. Text is CivilTech orientation on actions, robustness, and disproportionate collapse—align with national regulations and the structural brief.